Публикации автора
Issakhov, A.
Всего публикаций
235
Лет активности
6
Типов публикаций
4
2026 (10)
- Theoretical aspects of micropolar nanofluid flow past a deformable rotating cone
- Evaluation of the influence of various forms of earth dam on the values of shock pressure during a dam break: a numerical study
- Application of a Physics-Informed Neural Network Surrogate Model Based on CFD Data for Modeling Flow Around a Cylinder Under Thermal Effects
- 3-D RANS-VOF modelling of dam-breach hydraulics over an erodible sediment bed
- Assessment the influence of grass road barrier height having porosity properties on air-quality under reactive pollutant dispersion
- Multiphysics modeling of drug aerosol deposition in realistic human upper airway considering soft palate elasticity, temperature, environment and breathing regime
- Prediction of the concentration value of emissions from an enterprise using machine learning and computational fluid dynamics methods
- Three-dimension coupling model to simulate water flow with macroscopic particles on movable beds for a partially collapsed inhomogeneous terrain with a protective barrier: Numerical study
- Numerical study the assessment of pollutant dispersion from a thermal power plant: Impact of the wind direction, relative humidity and ambient temperatures, which vary depending on the time of day
- Three-dimension coupling model to simulate water flow, sediment transport with different properties and bed evolution: Numerical study
2025 (20)
- Correction: Performance optimization of a new flash-binary geothermal cycle for power/hydrogen production with zeotropic fluid (Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, (2021), 145, 3, (1633-1650), 10.1007/s10973-021-10868-2)
- Influence of the properties of the elasticity modulus in the nasopharynx on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow in the upper respiratory tract
- Peculiarities of the confluence of rivers in hydrodynamic backwater from the dam
- Assessment of the height and the slope of the upper part of the protective barrier on the dispersion of pollutants from automobile exhausts by taking into account non-stationary external factors
- CFD modeling the disintegration of an intranasal spray jet in the human upper respiratory tract using the VOF-to-DPM model
- Numerical Study of the Water Surface Movement on the Breaching Process of Natural Dams
- Prediction of the Air Pollution from Emissions in Idealized Urban Street Canyons Using Machine Learning and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Methods
- Numerical modeling of pulsatile blood flow in the pulmonary artery under the influence of pulmonary hypertension and concomitant pathologies
- Numerical simulation of the movement of the water surface with macroscopic particles during a partial dam break for various complex reliefs
- Influence of tilt angles and different models of fluid viscosity on coupled natural convection in a differentially heated closed square cavity with a partition
- Optimization algorithm for the numerical implementation of the fractional derivative of Grünwald–Letnikov based on the principle of memorization for fractional differential equations
- Numerical investigation of the effect of thermophysical properties of liquids on convective heat transfer in devices
- Assessment of the different tree types impact on air pollution in urban street canyons with chemical reactions
- Assessment of the Influence of a Multilevel Protective Column on the Spread of Mud-stone Admixture During a Dam Break
- Simulation of conjugate convective heat transfer in a vertical channel with thermal conductivity property of the solid blocks under the effect of buoyancy force
- Predicting particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution levels in Almaty city using machine learning techniques
- Numerical study of the distribution of sprayed particle deposition in different human nasal cavity
- The impact of humidity and road surface temperature varying by daytime on the dispersion of air pollutants
- Numerical study of the formation of zones of water pollution from coastal enterprises
- GENERALIZED NUMBERING FOR LINEAR ORDERS
2024 (13)
- Study of coupled natural convection in a two-dimensional square cavity with a partition with solid and porosity properties
- Correction to: Determination of optimal height of barriers to reduce the amount of pollution in the viaduct settings in an idealized urban canyon: a numerical study (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, (2023), 195, 1, (178), 10.1007/s10661-022-10751-z)
- Corrigendum: Effects of window films in thermo-solar properties of office buildings in hot-arid climates (Frontiers in Energy Research, (2021), 9, (665978), 10.3389/fenrg.2021.665978)
- Numerical modeling of the fluid-structure interaction during blood flow in a flexible stenotic aorta
- Assessment of the dispersion of pollutants from automobile exhaust, taking into account relative humidity, pavement temperature, wind direction and speed, which varies depending on the time of day
- Numerical simulation of the effect of inclination angle and height of step in a backward facing step filled with nanofluid
- Formation of Water Quality of Surface Water Bodies Used in the Material Processing
- Assessment of the effectiveness of the use of a jet-directing dam with different lengths on the formation of thermal pollution zones in a flowing aquatic environment from a coastal power plant: A numerical study
- Determination of the flooding zone during a dam break in a channel with a bend in the presence of several obstacles by the VOF method
- Assessment of the air pollutants on automobiles emission dispersion: the effects of barrier height and the road surface temperature
- SOLVABILITY OF INVERSE PROBLEM OF A PSEUDOPARABOLIC EQUATION WITH FRACTIONAL CAPUTO DERIVATIVE
- Numerical simulation of the effect of height and number of heaters on heat transfer during natural convection in a cubic enclosure filled with nanofluid
- The fluid-structure interaction during blood flow in a flexible stenotic thoracic aorta: Numerical study
2023 (23)
- THE COEFFICIENT INVERSE PROBLEM FOR A PSEUDOPARABOLIC EQUATION OF THE THIRD ORDER
- Investigation of entropy generation of nanomaterial within a chamber
- Investigation of water freezing with inclusion of nanoparticle within a container with fins
- Numerical simulation of particulate matter propagation in an indoor environment with various types of heating
- RETRACTED ARTICLE: Modeling of nanomaterial transportation over a sheet with involving MHD effect(Applied Nanoscience, (2023), 13, (3103))
- Blockchain Technology Application Challenges in Renewable Energy Supply Chain Management
- Maximum amplitude, quasi-static indentation, and frequency information of the angle-ply laminated curved panel subjected to low-velocity impact
- Modeling and assessment of the flow and air pollutants dispersion during chemical reactions from power plant activities
- RETRACTED ARTICLE: Study for Lorentz force impact on irreversibility of nanomaterial with considering the permeable zone(Applied Nanoscience, (2022), 13, (1), (1-11))
- Numerical modeling of the dam-break flood over natural rivers on movable beds
- Dihedral group and classification of G-circuits of length 10
- MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF SARS-COV-2 PARTICLES’ PROPAGATION DURING HUMAN REFLEXES
- Convective transportation of ferrofluid through a chamber
- Numerical simulation of social distancing of preventing airborne transmission in open space with lateral wind direction, taking into account temperature of human body and floor surface
- RETRACTED ARTICLE: Nanoparticle effect of heat conduction mechanism during solidification of PCM(Applied Nanoscience, (2021), 13, (2))
- RETRACTED ARTICLE: Modeling of MHD influence on convection of nanomaterial utilizing melting effect
- Numerical modeling of thermal influence to pollutant dispersion and dynamics of particles motion with various sizes in idealized street canyon
- Determination of optimal height of barriers to reduce the amount of pollution in the viaduct settings in an idealized urban canyon: a numerical study
- RETRACTED ARTICLE: Irreversibility of hybrid nano-powder within permeable tank with MHD(Applied Nanoscience, (2021), 13, (11))
- THE EFFECT OF THERMOPHYSIZAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS ON CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN ELECTRONIC DEVICES
- Numerical study of the dam-break flood over natural rivers with macroscopic rocks on movable beds
- Numerical modeling of water pollution by products of chemical reactions from the activities of industrial facilities at variable and constant temperatures of the environment
- Numerical analysis of solid barrier heights and trees with porosity properties influence on the automobile's emission dispersion in the residential area
2022 (30)
- Design-eligibility study of solar thermal helically coiled heat exchanging system with annular dimples by irreversibility concept
- Modeling of the effects of porous and solid barriers along the road from traffic emissions in idealized urban street canyons
- Assessment of airborne transmission from coughing processes with thermal plume adjacent to body and radiators on effectiveness of social distancing
- A comprehensive mathematical simulation of the composite size-dependent rotary 3D microsystem via two-dimensional generalized differential quadrature method
- Exergy, exergoeconomic and multi-objective optimization of a clean hydrogen and electricity production using geothermal-driven energy systems
- Sensing behavior of pure and Ni-doped BC3 to chlorine trifluoride: A computational survey
- Analysis of 3E (Energy-Economical-Environmental) for Biogas Production from Landfill: A Case Study
- Dam-Break Flow on Mobile Bed Through an Idealized City: Numerical Study
- Improving the Accuracy of Network Intrusion Detection System in Medical IoT Systems through Butterfly Optimization Algorithm
- Numerical study of air pollution exposure in idealized urban street canyons: Porous and solid barriers
- Assessment of the influence of the barriers height and trees with porosity properties on the dispersion of emissions from vehicles in a residential area with various types of building developments
- Irreversibility analysis of induced swirl flow inside the pipes of flat-plate solar collector using dual tangential nozzles
- Numerical simulation of flow and dam body sediment over a movable bed due to an earthfill dam break
- Analysis of non-Newtonian fluid with phase flow model
- MHD stagnation point flow of nanofluid with SWCNT and MWCNT over a stretching surface driven by Arrhenius kinetics
- Numerical Study of the Water Surface Movement During a Dam Break on a Slope with Cascade Dike from Sediment
- Thermal performance enhancement in heat exchangers using active and passive techniques: a detailed review
- Analysis of heat and mass transfer on the peristaltic flow in a duct with sinusoidal walls: Exact solutions of coupled PDEs
- A conceptual new model for use of solar water heaters in hot and dry regions
- Adaptive neuro fuzzy evaluation of energy and non-energy material productivity impact on sustainable development based on circular economy and gross domestic product
- Magnetic Induction Technology-Based Wireless Sensor Network for Underground Infrastructure, Monitoring Soil Conditions, and Environmental Observation Applications: Challenges and Future Aspects
- Novel idea about the peristaltic flow of heated Newtonian fluid in elliptic duct having ciliated walls
- A DFT Study on the Ir-decorated AlP nanosheets as chemical sensor for recognition of sulfonamide drug1
- INFLUENCE OF THERMAL EFFECTS TO POLLUTANT DISPERSION IN IDEALIZED STREET CANYON: NUMERICAL STUDY
- Development and tri-objective optimization of a novel biomass to power and hydrogen plant: A comparison of fueling with biomass gasification or biomass digestion
- Simulation of hybrid nanofluid flow within a microchannel heat sink considering porous media analyzing CPU stability
- Numerical simulation of the water surface movement with macroscopic particles on movable beds for inhomogeneous relief
- Numerical simulation of the thermal pollution zones formation from the power plant for different weather conditions
- Minimal Generalized Computable Numberings and Families of Positive Preorders
- Performance Comparison of single-slope solar still loaded with various nanofluids
2021 (139)
- Estimation of tumor parameters using neural networks for inverse bioheat problem
- Exergetic and financial parametric analyses and multi-objective optimization of a novel geothermal-driven cogeneration plant; adopting a modified dual binary technique
- Poroelasticity framework for stress/strain responses of the multi-phase circular/annular systems resting on various types of elastic foundations
- Numerical study of air flow in the human respiratory system with rhinitis
- Boron carbide hexagonal monolayer as promising anode material for magnesium-ion batteries
- Effect of inlet/outlet on thermal performance of naturally ventilated building
- Investigation of a hyperbolic annular fin with temperature dependent thermal conductivity by two step third derivative block method (TSTDBM)
- Investigation of counterflow microchannel heat exchanger with hybrid nanoparticles and pcm suspension as a coolant
- Simulation of sinusoidal enclosure filled with nanoparticles enhanced PCM
- A well-conditioned and efficient implementation of dual reciprocity method for poisson equation
- Optimization algorithms for composite beam as smart active control of structures using genetic algorithms
- Briquetting of Dry Sugarcane Leaves by Using Press Mud, Cow Dung, and Buffalo Dung as Binders
- Electroosmotically driven flow of micropolar bingham viscoplastic fluid in a wavy microchannel: application of computational biology stomach anatomy
- Hybrid nanomaterial transportation and Lorentz effects in a permeable sinusoidal duct
- Numerical modelling of the water surface movement with macroscopic particles of dam break flow for various obstacles
- Computer simulation for stability performance of sandwich annular system via adaptive tuned deep learning neural network optimization
- Economic construction management of composite beam using the head stud shear connector with encased cold-formed steel built-up fix beam via efficient computer simulation
- Application of multi-hybrid metaheuristic algorithm on prediction of split-tensile strength of shear connectors
- Numerical study of dam-break fluid flow using volume of fluid (VOF) methods for different angles of inclined planes
- Management of Cattle Dung and Novel Bioelectricity Generation Using Microbial Fuel Cells: An Ingenious Experimental Approach
- NC3 carbon-like nanotube as promising nanocarriers for anticancer drugs delivery; density functional theory studies
- Discharging phenomena with involving nanoparticles and external force
- Simulations of micropolar nanofluid-equipped natural convective-driven flow in a cavity
- Evaluation of the Safety of High-Salt Wastewater Treatment in Coal Chemical Industry Based on the AHP Fuzzy Method
- A novel policy to optimize energy consumption for dairy product warehouses: A case study
- Influence of crack on the permeability of plastic concrete
- Evaluation of the bioenergy potential of temer Musa: An invasive tree from the African desert
- Investigation of the effective application of marine design concept in green ecological residential indoor environment design
- Models base study of inclined MHD of hybrid nanofluid flow over nonlinear stretching cylinder
- Towards the exact solutions of Burger’s fluid flow through arteries with fractional time derivative magnetic field and thermal radiation effects
- A DFT study on the detection of cathinone drug on the Au-decorated BC3 nanosheet
- Ciliary flow of casson nanofluid with the influence of mhd having carbon nanotubes
- Influence of Lorentz and permeability on migration of nanoparticle
- The assessment of two different pollutants dispersion from a coal-fired power plant for various thermal regimes
- Evaluation the potential of carboxyl functionalized BC2N nanotubes as a drug delivery vehicle for chlormethine anti-cancer drug
- Nanomaterial migration due to magnetic field through a porous region utilizing numerical modeling
- Comparative study the impact of single and double vacancy defects in BC3 fragment on the acetaminophen detection
- Heat transfer through a spiral tube with considering charging of nanoparticle-enhanced paraffin
- Punctual Dimension of Algebraic Structures in Certain Classes
- Dynamic Model and Numerical Simulation of Maximum Turbidity Zone Formation in River Inlet
- Simulation of Wellbore Drilling Energy Saving of Nanofluids Using an Experimental Taylor–Couette Flow System
- The economic and management use of rhododendron petals in potassium-ion nano batteries anode via efficient computer simulation
- Gravitational collapse of an anisotropic fluid and interacting vacuum energy density: The curvature effect
- Effect of permeability and MHD on nanoparticle transportation
- Heat and mass transfer in MHD Williamson nanofluid flow over an exponentially porous stretching surface
- Thermophoretic particle deposition in time-dependent flow of hybrid nanofluid over rotating and vertically upward/ downward moving disk
- Nanoparticles for phase change process of water utilizing FEM
- Impact of magnetic dipole on ferromagnetic hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching cylinder
- Combined effect of using porous media and nano-particle on melting performance of PCM filled enclosure with triangular double fins
- MHD stagnation point flow of nanofluid over a curved stretching/shrinking surface subject to the influence of Joule heating and convective condition
- Computational modelling of nanofluid flow over a curved stretching sheet using Koo–Kleinstreuer and Li (KKL) correlation and modified Fourier heat flux model
- Heat recovery application of nanomaterial with existence of turbulator
- The assessment of water pollution by chemical reaction products from the activities of industrial facilities: Numerical study
- Energy, Exergy Analysis, and Optimizations of Collector Cover Thickness of a Solar Still in El Oued Climate, Algeria
- A thorough investigation for development of hydrogen projects from wind energy: A case study
- Towards decision support systems for energy management in the smart industry and Internet of Things
- Nanomaterial transportation and exergy loss modeling incorporating CVFEM
- Identifying challenges and barriers for development of solar energy by using fuzzy best-worst method: A case study
- Unsteady radiative slip flow of MHD Casson fluid over a permeable stretched surface subject to a non-uniform heat source
- Use of a hybrid wind—solar—diesel—battery energy system to power buildings in remote areas: A case study
- Thermodynamic and economic assessments and multi-criteria optimization of a novel poly-generation plant using geothermal energy and multi heat recovery technique
- Ranking locations for hydrogen production using hybrid wind-solar: A case study
- Entropy generation approach with heat and mass transfer in magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow of a tangent hyperbolic nanofluid
- Mathematical study of Electroosmotically driven peristaltic flow of Casson fluid inside a tube having systematically contracting and relaxing sinusoidal heated walls
- Transportation of modified nanofluid flow with time dependent viscosity over a Riga plate: Exponentially stretching
- Effect of working fluids in a novel geothermal-based integration of organic-flash and power/cooling generation cycles with hydrogen and freshwater production units
- Entropy generation for the blood flow in an artery with multiple stenosis having a catheter
- Analysis of non-Newtonian magnetic Casson blood flow in an inclined stenosed artery using Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivatives
- Renewable hybrid energy systems using geothermal energy: hybrid solar thermal–geothermal power plant
- Casson nanoliquid flow with Cattaneo-Christov flux analysis over a curved stretching/shrinking channel
- A numerical assessment of social distancing of preventing airborne transmission of COVID-19 during different breathing and coughing processes
- A thorough analysis of renewable hydrogen projects development in Uzbekistan using MCDM methods
- Effect of volume fraction and size of Al2O3nanoparticles in thermal, frictional and economic performance of circumferential corrugated helical tube
- Potential application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for hydrogen storage: Simulation by artificial intelligent techniques
- Energy, environment and economic analyses of a parabolic trough concentrating photovoltaic/thermal system
- Mechanics of non-Newtonian blood flow in an artery having multiple stenosis and electroosmotic effects
- A Combined Convection Carreau-Yasuda Nanofluid Model over a Convective Heated Surface near a Stagnation Point: A Numerical Study
- The impact of a multilevel protection column on the propagation of a water wave and pressure distribution during a dam break: Numerical simulation
- Experimental investigation of impact of the energy storage medium on the thermal performance of double pass solar air heater
- Optimization of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of acetylene aspirated diesel engine with oxygenated fuels: An Experimental approach
- Economic evaluation of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) using hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software-a case study of rural India
- Inducing swirl flow inside the pipes of flat-plate solar collector by using multiple nozzles for enhancing thermal performance
- Direct synthesis of sulfenamides, sulfinamides, and sulfonamides from thiols and amines
- Assessing the Applicability of Photocatalytic-Concrete Blocks in Reducing the Concentration of Ambient NO2of Chandigarh, India, Using Box-Behnken Response Surface Design Technique: A Holistic Sustainable Development Approach
- Performance optimization of a new flash-binary geothermal cycle for power/hydrogen production with zeotropic fluid
- Modeling and analysis of the effects of barrier height on automobiles emission dispersion
- Design and tri-objective optimization of an energy plant integrated with near-zero energy building including energy storage: An application of dynamic simulation
- Thermal/frictional performance of spiral pipe with ring-shape depression used as in-pond heat exchanger
- Thermodynamics and heat transfer study of a circular tube embedded with novel perforated angular-cut alternate segmental baffles
- Alkoxysulfenylation of alkenes: Development and recent advances
- A Systematic Review on the Performance Characteristics of Sustainable, Unfired Admixed Soil Blocks for Agricultural and Industrial Waste Management
- A review study of application of artificial intelligence in construction management and composite beams
- Turbulent flow heat transfer through a circular tube with novel hybrid grooved tape inserts: Thermohydraulic analysis and prediction by applying machine learning model
- MHD natural convection nanofluid flow in a heat exchanger: Effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis for nanoparticles distribution
- Thermal and Environmental Analysis Solar Water Heater System for Residential Buildings
- Location assessment for producing biodiesel fuel from Jatropha Curcas in Iran
- Techno-economic analysis and energy performance of a geothermal earth-to-air heat exchanger (EAHE) system in residential buildings: A case study
- Emergy-based exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental evaluation of a combined power and cooling system based on ORC-VCR
- A Computational Model for the Radiated Kinetic Molecular Postulate of Fluid-Originated Nanomaterial Liquid Flow in the Induced Magnetic Flux Regime
- Feasibility investigation of a novel geothermal-based integrated energy conversion system: Modified specific exergy costing (M-SPECO) method and optimization
- Forecasting rainfed agricultural production in arid and semi-arid lands using learning machine methods: A case study
- A numerical simulation of air flow in the human respiratory system for various environmental conditions
- Power quality and transient analysis for a utility-tied interfaced distributed hybrid wind-hydro controls renewable energy generation system using generic and multiband power system stabilizers
- Optimization analysis of hydrogen production using ammonia decomposition
- Theoretical analysis of Brownian and thermophoresis motion effects for Newtonian fluid flow over nonlinear stretching cylinder
- Eigenfunction expansion method for peristaltic flow of hybrid nanofluid flow having single-walled carbon nanotube and multi-walled carbon nanotube in a wavy rectangular duct
- Investigation of implementing solar energy for groundwater desalination in arid and dry regions: A case study
- Exergetic performance estimation for roughened triangular duct used in solar air heaters
- Antisolvent-fumigated grain growth of active layer for efficient perovskite solar cells
- Advanced Applications of Fuel Cells during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Recent advances in direct trifluoromethylselenolation of C–H bonds
- Viscous flow between two sinusoidally deforming curved concentric tubes: advances in endoscopy
- Thermal pollution zones on the aquatic environment from the coastal power plant: Numerical study
- Experimental investigations to improve the electrical efficiency of photovoltaic modules using different convection mode
- Convective heat transfer for Peristaltic flow of SWCNT inside a sinusoidal elliptic duct
- Buckling of porosity-dependent bi-directional FG nanotube using numerical method
- A well-conditioned and efficient Levin method for highly oscillatory integrals with compactly supported radial basis functions
- Experimental analysis of modified dc-p&o technique with arm controller for a stand-alone 40 w pv system
- Techno-Economic Investigation of Using Solar Energy for Heating Swimming Pools in Buildings and Producing Hydrogen: A Case Study
- Recent trends in dehydroxylative trifluoro-methylation, -methoxylation, -methylthiolation, and -methylselenylation of alcohols
- Effects of Window Films in Thermo-Solar Properties of Office Buildings in Hot-Arid Climates
- Efficiency enhancement in double‐pass perforated glazed solar air heaters with porous beds: Taguchi‐artificial neural network optimization and cost–benefit analysis
- Augmentation of performance of system with dispersion of nanoparticles inside PCM
- Numerical Study on the Thermal Performance of Trombe Wall for Passive Solar Building in Semiarid Climate
- Effect of Reflecting Material on CPC to Improve the Performance of Hybrid Groundwater Solar Desalination System
- Mixed convection in a channel with buoyancy force over backward and forward facing steps: The effects of inclination and geometry
- The compressive strength of concrete retrofitted with wind ash and steel slag pozzolans with a water-cement based polymers
- RSM-Based Optimization of the Parameters Affecting TiO2-Mediated UV Photocatalysis of Vehicular Emissions in Enclosed Parking Garages
- Study of Extraction Kinetics of Total Polyphenols from Curry Leaves
- Modeling and Analysis of Energy/Exergy for Absorber Pipes of Linear Parabolic Concentrating Systems
- Physiological Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluid with Variable Density Inside a Ciliated Symmetric Channel Having Compliant Wall
- Adsorption properties of two-dimensional carbon material towards the heavy metal ions
- Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Lanthanum Silicate Apatites La10Si6- x -0.2AlxZn0.2O27- δfor Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)
- Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Impingement Heat Transfer in an Inline Array of Multiple Jets
- Introducing a Rheology Model for Non-Newtonian Drilling Fluids
- Free convection simulation of hybrid nanomaterial in permeable cavity with inclusion of magnetic force
- Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Flow Patterns, Pressure Drop, and Heat Transfer Coefficient in Staggered and Inline Shell-Tube Heat Exchangers
- Alkylative/arylative carboxylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons utilizing CO2 as C1 synthon: An update
- Sludge Formation Analysis in Hydraulic Oil of Load Haul Dumper 811MK v Machine Running at Elevated Temperatures for Bioenergy Applications